Where a South African tax resident beneficiary receives an award from a
foreign trust, it is important that they ascertain the nature of the
distribution received from that trust, so that they may correctly disclose the
nature of the amount received from the trust for tax purposes in South Africa.
The tax payable by the beneficiary on an award received from a foreign
trust will depend upon the precise nature of the distribution received from the
foreign trust.
It must be remembered that under section 102 of the Tax Administration
Act, No. 28 of 2011 (“TAA”) the taxpayer must discharge the onus of proof as to
whether an amount is exempt from tax or is taxable.
Thus, where a taxpayer is
unable to determine the underlying nature of the amount received from a foreign
trust, SARS would be fully entitled to regard that amount as normal income
fully liable to tax in South Africa.
It would be far preferable if the foreign trustees assisted the South
African beneficiary by advising them as to the nature of the amounts comprising
the distribution made to the beneficiary so that the tax exposure relating to
that distribution can be properly managed.
Where the beneficiary receives a return of trust capital, that clearly
will not be taxable on the basis that it is a return of capital which falls
outside of the rules taxing capital gains in South Africa imposed under the
Eighth Schedule to the Income Tax Act, No. 58 of 1962, as amended (“the Act”).
Where, however, a foreign trust disposes of assets and realises capital gains thereon and subsequently makes an award to a South African beneficiary, the beneficiary will then receive a capital gain and depending on the circumstances that may or may not be taxable in South Africa.
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Paragraph 80(3) of the Eighth Schedule to the Act deals with the
position where a resident acquires a vested right to any amount representing the
capital of any foreign trust and that capital arose from a capital gain of that
trust or any amount which would have constituted a capital gain of that trust
if that trust had been tax resident and determined in any previous year of
assessment during which the resident beneficiary had a contingent right to that
capital and that capital gain was not subject to tax under the provisions of
the Act.
In such circumstances the amount received must be taken into account
for purposes of calculating the aggregate capital gain or aggregate capital
loss of the resident beneficiary in that year of assessment.
Thus, where a foreign trust disposes of assets and realises a capital
gain thereon in say the 2014 tax year and subsequently awards that gain to the
resident beneficiary in the 2015 tax year, that gain will then be taxable as a
capital gain in South Africa.
However, where the trust disposes of assets and
realises a capital gain and distributes that to a resident beneficiary in the
same year of assessment, it is apparent that the capital gain will not be
taxable in the hands of the resident beneficiary.
This interpretation is
supported by the comments made in the Davis Tax Committee’s Interim Report on
Estate Duty, where at page 45 the following is stated:
“However, unlike paragraph
80(3) this provision suffers from deficiency, in that it refers to a capital
gain and not to an amount that would have constituted a capital gain had the
non-resident trust been a resident. It can thus only apply to the limited range
of assets referred to in paragraph 2(1)(b). Consequently, SARS is powerless to
subject most gains of a non-resident trust to CGT in the hands of resident
beneficiaries when such gains are distributed in the same year of assessment in
which they arise.”
Thus, where a foreign trust realises a capital
gain, it is in the interests of the South African resident beneficiary that
that capital gain is distributed in the same tax year, thereby ensuring that
the amount escapes tax in the hands of the beneficiary based on current
statutory provisions.
Where, the foreign trust derives income in the form
of interest, dividends etc. it is important to know what part of the
distribution relates to the different categories of income.
This flows from the
provisions of section 25B(2A) of the Act which regulates the tax consequences
flowing from distributions received by a resident beneficiary from a foreign
trust.
In principle, where the foreign trust derives income and awards that to
a resident beneficiary in the same tax year or in a subsequent tax year, the
resident beneficiary will need to ascertain the composition of the distribution
received so that they can analyse the award into its constituent parts.
Where,
for example, the foreign trust receives interest income that will retain its
nature and will be taxed as interest in the hands of the beneficiary in South
Africa upon receipt, regardless of the fact when that was received, unless it
was derived prior to 2001 being the year in which South Africa moved to the
worldwide basis of taxation.
Insofar as dividends are concerned, where the
foreign trust derives dividends and awards that to a beneficiary the income tax
payable thereon will generally not exceed 15% based on the provisions of
section 10B of the Act. It would be necessary to consider the particular facts
and circumstances of the trust in question.
Where a South African resident beneficiary receives
a distribution from a foreign trust and they are unable to identify the
constituent parts of that distribution, the full amount would be treated as
taxable by SARS.
Those persons who applied for amnesty under the
2003 amnesty legislation were required to accept that the assets owned by the
foreign trust were regarded as theirs for income tax and capital gains tax
purposes and as and when income is derived by the foreign trust, that will be
taxed in the hands of the amnesty applicant.
The Davis Tax Committee has recommended that in
future all distributions of foreign trusts be taxed as normal income. This
proposal is justified by the Committee on the basis of seeking to discourage
the creation of offshore trusts because of the deferral of the tax that a
beneficiary obtains through the use of an offshore trust.
However, this
proposal does not take account of the fact that many persons applied for
amnesty and are paying tax on income generated by foreign trusts as and when
derived and should those trusts make distributions, it would be inequitable if
those distributions are taxed again as a
result of the proposal contained in the Davis Tax Committee Report. This
would constitute double taxation which cannot be justified and it is hoped that
this proposal to summarily regard all amounts received from foreign trusts as
income will not be accepted.
In conclusion therefore it is contended that
trustees of foreign trusts should assist South African tax resident
beneficiaries of those trusts by recording the distributions made to the resident
beneficiary and the precise nature thereof so that the beneficiary can
correctly disclose those amounts for tax purposes.
A further point to consider is that where
distributions are received from a foreign trust, that should be disclosed to
the exchange control authorities through the normal banking channels,
particularly where the distribution is received in South Africa.
Should the
beneficiary wish to retain the distribution offshore, they should seek
permission from their authorised dealer to do so for exchange control purposes.
Dr Beric Croome is a Tax Executive at ENSafrica This article first appeared in Business Day, Business Law and Tax Review, September 2015.
